The Only Exception by Paramore free essay sample

The Only Exception is one of the many hit-commendable tracks situated on Paramores new hit collection Brand New Eyes. The Only Exception is a delicate melody with a semi-acoustic, thoughtful feel that transforms into a wonderful heart grabber that discussions about keeping everybody at a sheltered separation, which is additionally all around delineated in the music video itself. The video begins with Paramores driving woman, Hailey Williams, awakening in her sweethearts arms, understanding that their relationship isnt right and that shes letting him draw near enough to potentially hurt her, similar to others have. All through, we see her battle with the issues in her adoration life as she goes on date after date, finding nobody that she needs to chance her heart with. However, as the tune goes on, she at long last understands that the one that had consistently been close by this time was her present beau, and that perhaps its alright for her to let down her boundaries and let somebody draw near enough to ideally adore her. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Only Exception by Paramore or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is the ideal melody and music video for every one of you who are becoming more acquainted with the music of Paramore, are as of now super Paramore fans, or are outright sad sentimental people. Make certain to look at all of the other stunning hits and innovative recordings from this all-fellow one-young lady band. Appreciate!

Marine management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marine administration - Essay Example Issues, for example, diminished profitability and increased dangers to injury in the workplace would all be able to result from the previously mentioned issues, managing them and forestalling the commitment of representatives to them is basic. The rate at which organizations lose cash through endless medical advantages to distressing and exhausted staff is disturbing. Solid workers need less medical advantages and are gainful. Directors and heads of organizations the same need to make sense of how to control this hazard. Business related wounds are on the expansion and are constantly recorded high when most laborers stay at work past 40 hours and have less break to lessen the weariness or participate in exercises that can diminish the degrees of stress. My organization, as this paper talks about underneath, has just evolved countermeasures to the above issues. The progressions we have acknowledged can not exclusively be told through the satisfaction of all members in the organization yet additionally through the benefits we have gathered in the ongoing past. There are a few reasons for both exhaustion and worry as recorded beneath. Weakness itself is brought about by expanded times of physical or even mental effort with less time to recuperate through rest. Ordinarily, a specific degree of exhaustion is typical, be that as it may, when the levels are excessively high, there must be a lot of detriments. These degrees of exhaustion can be because of the accompanying: Elevated levels of weariness and stress ordinarily prompts decreased profitability. This is commonly the most serious issue with the two. Additionally, since stress and exhaustion may debilitate a person’s sense, including that of threat, representatives run dangers of mishaps and wounds in the workplace. Studies show that remaining conscious for more than 17 hours has as much negative consequences for the general execution of an individual’s execution as having about 0.05% liquor content in blood. An additional four hours copies the liquor content figure to 0.1% (Williamson et al. 320). It is vital to bring up that the two workers and

Go Read Some Science Fiction

Go Read Some Science Fiction I love going to the MIT Media Lab. Being part of the MAS Freshman program, I spend a lot of time there. Its a research facility that specializes in projects that focus on interfaces, interactions, and communication between man and machine. And it looks like the USS Enterprise merged with the Men In Black Headquarters, except without aliens (for now). Normally, I would be there for my Fundamentals of Computational Media Design class (MAS.110) or for just getting lost in the many halls of the labs, looking at every project I can find. But today, I was there to attend the final presentation of the class Science Fiction to Science Fabrication (MAS.S65). In the classs, grad students would be exposed to various science fiction books and then create a final project based off an idea from any science fiction story they so wish (Hopefully no one ever makes Soylent Green). I took my seat as the presentation started. I looked around the room to see who was presenting first. This caught my attention. Good enough view? Not for me either. So I got a closer one. Its a robot arm. A robot arm! As in, not a human arm, but a robot arm. Like, remember that time Luke Skywalker got his arm chopped off by Darth Vader in Episode V? He replaced it with a robot arm. And guess what. This is a robot arm! Its a match! Just add tan spray paint. Ok, so maybe Im getting a little overexcited, but I think thats the point. I know robot arms arent the newest thing around but Ive never seen one in person before and here was a project by student Guillermo Bernal where he nonchalantly made his robot arm mimic basic gestures triggered by bio-signals sent from his actual arm. After my excitement calmed, down, the next project was up. This one was based off of the 1963 novel Cats Cradle, by Kurt Vonnegut. It involves a polymorph of water known as Ice-9. When it comes in contact with water below 45.8 °C, it acts as a seed crystal and freezes the entire body of water. Curious with the idea of Ice-9, Ermal Dreshaj and Sang-won Leigh began looking for a substance with similar properties and found sodium acetate, a food-grade compound that would stay a liquid at room temperature until it was agitated, thus solidifying the liquid. Using Rhinoceros 3D, they made molds of tools that could fit into glasses. Just imagine James Bond at a cocktail party, waiting for just the right moment to drop some sodium acetate into his drink to make any tool needs and then re-liquefy it to use again later. Not shaken nor stirred. The projects kept on coming. Alexis Hope, Felix Heibeck, and Julie Legault presented Sensory Fiction, which uses lights, sounds, sensors, and even a wearable to create an immersive reading experience. The wearable gets hotter and the lights get brighter if the main character was at, say, a beach. It could also vibrate in a pattern similar to a heartbeat to simulate the characters heartbeat in the story during intense or relaxing scenes. Just like those 4D movies where the chairs move and wind is blown in your face. Except this is with reading. Another project was a visual representation of the MIT Media Lab (Building E-14) by Paloma Gonzalez. Kinects had been set up throughout the Media Lab to track movement. The data was collected onto a diagram map that reveals the most commonly taken paths and the areas where people stand the most, along with creating an awesome visual that puts Windows screen savers to shame. Using this data reveals how people move about inside a building and can potentially influence and optimize future floor plans and architectural designs. Epic picture. Epic name. Epic movie idea. One of my favorite projects came from someone in the audience. Im not sure of the details but I knew that she wanted to attend the presentation but she couldnt because was currently in London. Yet she attended anyway. In this. this. I want to build this. I need an iPad, FaceTime, a remote controller, and a Segway. Hopefully Im not  drastically oversimplifying it. Awesome presentations, awesome ideas, and a final thank you to Dan Novy and Sophia Brueckner, the two MIT Media Lab researchers that taught the class and showed the importance of science fiction in engineering the future. The full list of projects can be found at  scifi2scifab.media.mit.edu. Another great read is Why Todays Inventors Need to Read More Science Fiction, which is about this class and discusses the notion that science fiction is meant to show us what can go wrong so we can fix mistakes before we make them.

Philosophy of love and sex-Nozik Dworkin - 1616 Words

A Nozick and Dworkin comparison Philosophy of Love and Sex Introduction This paper compares and contrasts the philosophical views of two thinkers: Robert Nozick and Andrea Dworkin on the subject of Romantic Love (Eros / Being in Love). By romantic love, Nozick and Dworkin are referring to the possibility of two individuals sharing a single identity: in other words, what Nozick calls love’s bond and Dworkin calls communion. Where Nozick and Dworkin differ is over the value of the pursuit of this identity by lovers. How do Dworkin and Nozick feel about the pursuits of romantic identification by a lover and should this pursuit be unrequited? In Love’s Bond by Nozick and Communion by Dworkin, we see that†¦show more content†¦234). This allows for a true formation of the â€Å"WE† complex of the intimate relationship; one that is a merge of the â€Å"ME† and â€Å"YOU† compounds. b- One becomes an expert at meeting the other’s need: The second Good of Loves Bond as stated by Nozick is that one becomes an expe rt at meeting their beloved’s needs; this concept is a subset of the â€Å"US† and â€Å"WE† compound. When the lover becomes an expert at meeting the needs of the beloved, he/she gives the lover the capacity to care about the beloved and vice versa, which in turn lengthens one’s life. This ability to generate compassion and care allows for the strengthening of the â€Å"WE† complex. According to Nozick, this allows the lover to love the beloved as a whole; the lovers characteristics become about of the â€Å"WE† and â€Å"US† complex, thus, increasing happiness, comfort and thereby, life expectancy. c- giving up on searching for a new prospective beloved. The final or third good of Love’s Bond is giving up the search for a new beloved. Nozich says: â€Å"A readiness to trade up, looking for someone with ‘better’ characteristics, does not fit with an attitude of love† (p. 234). This conception is built arou nd the fact that forming a â€Å"WE† bond takes up a great deal of effort both partners. Therefore, when one has finally established a true â€Å"WE† bond; he/she has a higher return on investment staying

The Painful Truth About Back Injuries Essay - 1414 Words

By becoming educated on the risk factors that cause back injuries, a majority of the general population can prevent agonizing and potentially disabling pain during their lifetimes. Back injuries can occur gradually over time as a result of trauma caused by repetitive activity or can result from a single traumatic event (Back). The signs and symptoms of a back injury may include pain when trying to assume a normal posture, decreased mobility, and pain when standing from a seated position (Back). Warning signs that should cause concern may include radiating pain down a leg, numbness or loss of sensation in a leg, weakness or loss of muscular strength in a leg, constant pain in the back or leg that is not affected by motion, pain in the†¦show more content†¦Research shows that lower back pain is the most frequent cause of activity limitation among people aged less than 45 years old (Cole and Grimshaw 174). Research also shows that lower back pain is the third most frequent cause of activity limitation behind arthritis and coronary heart disease for people older than 45 years old (Cole and Grimshaw 174). . Back injuries cause great impact to people and their employers. As HR Magazine author Nancy Hatch Woodward points out, â€Å"back pain remains one of the most common complaints in the workplace today and it can be devastating† (57). The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported in 2005 that more than 270,000 cases of back injuries and illnesses were reported in the workplace, with those affected taking an average of seven days off of work (Woodward 58). Back injuries also cause a significant loss of productivity. HR Magazine author Nancy Hatch Woodward references a December 2006 study in the journal Spine, â€Å"productivity losses for employers are estimated to be $7.4 billion a year† (57). Back injuries account for significant economic burden on compensation systems. Section VII: Chapter 1: of the OSHA Technical Manual states â€Å"back disorders are one of the leading causes of disability for people in their working years and afflict over 600,000 employees each year† (1). Treating back pain can be very expensive. HR Magazine author Nancy Hatch Woodward states â€Å"TreatingShow MoreRelatedSelf Cutting1661 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Injury (which occurs when someone cuts or burns or otherwise harms themselves) is one of the harder behaviors associated with mental illness for people to fathom. People mostly understand (I think) when someone becomes psychotic, gets stuck in a deep depression or has mood swings. These are exaggerations of normal states of mind – everyone has felt blue at sometime or another – everyone has felt euphoric or energized at least once. And though loose, psychotic-style thinking is not somethingRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1054 Words   |  5 PagesFor years, there have always been talks about should college athletes be paid. That conversation stirs up a huge argument it never fails. College sports such as Football, Basketball, and baseball bring in massive amounts of revenues to the university, but the players are not allowed to get a portion. Division I football players say they spend over 40 hours a week practicing or playing their sport, and fewer than 40 hours on academics. The athletes are working a full-time job when involved in sportsRead MorePersonal Statement On Life And Life1511 Words   |  7 Pagesheart. Typically, God, Himself, presides over our final judgment as the center judge. Because no man can see God and return back to human existence, He was present in voice only in my judgment so that I could again return to Earth. God said my mission would not be an easy one. It was important for Him to reveal the truth to me, and He said I would feel similar painful feelings that Christ felt on Earth, ones of rejection, loneliness, and frustration. Because of this, He explained that it wasRead MoreRight After Breakfast The Next Morning By Dr. Davis1302 Words   |  6 Pagesless†¦later?† Johnny asked slowly and carefully, trying to remember what his Uncle Roy had told him about speaking. â€Å"Yes, exactly!† â€Å"And great job kiddo,† Roy grinned at Johnny. â€Å"That is what I meant by speaking all the words in your head. I know it’ll be hard, but like I said, Aunt Jo, me, Chris, Jenny and others will be here for you.† Smiling bashfully with pink running through his cheeks, John turned back to Doctor Davis. Sensing the embarrassment, the physical therapist started his session. â€Å"What IRead MoreHow I Did Not Care About Religion892 Words   |  4 PagesEric Morla Professor Johnson Humanities 1 27, April 2015 Christianity When I was in high school I can honestly say I did not care about religion. It is not that I did not believe in it, I just did not give it any attention. All I cared about was hanging out with my friends and going to parties. I was not living my life how I should have been. I would do stupid things trying to make myself look cool, and it was working I was getting the attention I wanted. I was so blind from stupidity I was notRead MoreLiterary Devices In Oedipus The King By Sophocles810 Words   |  4 Pagestrust, my loyal friend from the start steals against me... so hungry to overthrow me he sets this wizard on me, this scheming quack, this fortune-teller peddling lies, eyes peeled for his own profit-seer blind in his craft!†(436-442). Tiresias replies back to Oedipus by stating, â€Å"You with your precious eyes, you’re blind to the corruption of you life, to the house you live in, those you live with†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (470-472). In the quote, â€Å"Our city- look around you, see with your own eyes- our ship pitches widely,Read MoreFemale Genital Mutilation : A Violation Of Human Rights1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines female genital mutilation (FGM) as â€Å"all procedures which involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasons.† There are four classifications of female genital mutilation: type I consists of the removal of the prepuce; type II is the removal of the clitoris and labia minora; type III is the removal of the external genitalia and the restrictingRead MoreWilliam Bells No Signature Theme Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pageshim every month. Theres no return address, and no signature; just DAD stamped on the back. When Steve’s mom finds him angrily ripping up the cards, she starts throwing them out before he can see them. But one da y, when hes eighteen, he gets the mail first. He finds another DAD postcard, and goes in search of his father. During a short trip to Thunder Bay, the two slowly form a relationship. The painful secret that forces Steve’s father to leave his family is revealed; as a result, Steve’sRead MoreEffect of Concussions on NFL Athletes1693 Words   |  7 PagesEvery year thousands of athletes are effected by the sports-related concussions. There are three types of concussions, they are classified as grades which is a special term medical professionals use to classify the severity of a traumatic brain injury. Grade 1 concussions are minute in terms of the severity of damage to the athlete’s brain. This is when there are in a brief daze, slight headache, and their head sometimes rings. (Cunha 581-585). The grade 2 concussions are the moderate concussionsRead MoreDesirees Baby Analysis Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom the child. She lifted it and walked with it over t o the window that was lightest. She scanned the baby narrowly, then looked as searchingly at Zandrine, whose face was turned to gaze across the fields† (Chopin, 2). They continue on by talking about Armand and his treatment of the slaves on the plantation, â€Å"he hasn’t punished one of them-not one of them - since baby is born. Even Negrillon, who pretended to have burnt his leg that he might rest from work - he only laughed, and said Negrillon

How Google Changed the Internet Free Essays

How Google Changed the Internet Trying to find something on the internet used to be a challenge many years ago, today Google dominates the search engine world. Google has changed not only the way the United States uses the internet, but also how the world does. The search engine market on the internet is competitive; Google leads the way with the most accurate search results, and other online tools for users to use (Alexa). We will write a custom essay sample on How Google Changed the Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Google allow users not only to search but to organize their life, find directions, and share content with other users. Google didn’t begin as Google. Founders Larry Page and Sergey met at Stanford University (Stross). Sergey was assigned to show Larry around the school, according to some reports the two disagreed on almost everything. The two reconvened in 1996, and began their first search engine, â€Å"BackRub. † The search engine become very popular and within a year outgrew the servers at Stanford (Stross). The two decided BackRub needed a new name, and a new location that could handle the demand. Brainstorming came up with the name Google, a play on the word googol a term for the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by 100 zeros. The word was chosen because it reflects the mission to organize an infinite amount of information on the web (Corporate Information-Google Milestones). In 1998, Andy Bechtolsheim wrote a check for $100,000 to the new company. The new workspace location is set up in the garage of Susan Wojciki’s Melon Park, California home. Later Google filed for incorporation in California and were granted it. They then set up a bank account with the new name and deposited the check. Eventually Google moved to its current location at 1600 Ampatheater parkway. At this point Google has more than 800 employees (Corporate Information-Google Milestones). Google is the most popular search provider in the United States. In 2007 google. com became the most visited website surpassing Microsoft. com (Alexa). Google. com is the most visited site in the U. S. (Alexa). The term â€Å"Google it† has become very popular in the language of an average American (Stross) Google isn’t just the most used search provider in the U. S. but also in the world (Stross) Google. com is available in 28 languages, allowing users from all over the world to search in a language that is comfortable to them(Google Support). Not every country provides all that Google Search has to offer. For example China strictly blocks the regular google. com because they can not control the results of a search done on that website. The only way Chinese people are able to search Google is by visiting Chinese Google google. cn. The Chinese government has the ability to filter search results (Wauters). Other countries have also blocked Google; a popular one that has recently been in the news is Iran (Finkle). Countries block Google so that their citizens won’t have free access to information that is not filtered by the government. Google is most widely popular for their search feature. Their products list is very vast, offering services for the consumer and business. On the consumer side of products Google offers a very long list. The most popular being iGoogle, YouTube, Google Calendar, Google Sync, G-mail, and the list goes on. On the business side of thing Google offers companies AdWords, Google search appliance, and Google custom search. iGoogle allows users to create customized homepages. Users can add gadgets that come in all shapes and sizes. For example a user could add their Gmail, CNN News, and Weather to their page and get all that information at once without having to leave to go to all the individual websites (Google Support). YouTube wasn’t created by Google, it was acquired. On October 9th 2006 Google announced its plans to acquire You Tube for $1. 65 billion (Google Press Center). YouTube is a video sharing website that allows users to upload videos, leave comments, and create video responses. YouTube is the third most visited website in the U. S. (Alexa). Google Calendar allows users to virtually create a calendar in the format that most people are familiar too. Users are able to invite other users to view their calendar and vies-versa. SMS text messaging can also be set up so that a text message is sent out before an event on the calendar to remind the user (Google Support). Google Sync allows users to sync everything that is Google to their wireless device. This allows users to be able to have make changes on either device and appear on both, without ever having to plug their device into their computer (Google Support). G-mail is Google’s approach at web based e-mail. The layout is very minimalistic, and also allows users to customize their inbox page. The site is ad supported by a small text ad at the top of the page, unlike many other free e-mail providers G-mail does not place a ad at the footers of the users sent e-mail. Each user is given up to one gigabyte of free storage, virtually making it so users do not have to delete anything if they don’t want to (Google Support). Google isn’t just all about marketing to consumers, but also to business of all sizes with a wide variety of products for business customers. The most popular product is Google AdWords(Stross). AdWords allows business to create all sorts of ads for their business. The ads can vary from just text, text and picture, or full sized color ads. The ads are displayed on all sorts of Google services, the most popular is in search results, the ad would appear first if it had something to do with what the user was searching for. AdWords is a very cost effective way for business to promote online because it is pay for click, the business is only charged when their ad is clicked on (Google Business Solutions). The other very popular for business customers from Google is called Google search appliance (Stross). The search appliance is a device that companies can connect to their network, the appliances then searches and indexes all files on the network making them easier to find. Users of the network can then just type in what they are looking for, and get instant results. The search appliance can be customized to fit business on the small to extremely large scale (Google Business Solutions). Google is not just available on the web, but also on the go. Google offers a large variety of products for the mobile users. The most popular are Google mobile, Android mobile operating system and Google Maps for mobile. Google mobile allows users to quickly search for information using their phones. A full range of the Google family of products are available in the mobile addition, users simply point their mobile internet browser to google. com and Google recognizes that the request is coming from a mobile phone and automatically converts into the mobile version of Google (Google Support). If mobile users do not have access to the internet on their phone Google provides a short text number that users can send text messages to. Users simply text what they are looking for and Google text them back with the search results (Google Support). Google Android is an operating system for mobile phones. It is more typically referred to just as Android. The operating system allows open development allowing users to fully customize their phones and to create application. Users can also  purchase thousands of applications from the Android market to continue to customize their phone. Basic Google products come pre-installed on the phone (Google Support). Google maps for mobile allows mobile internet users to pull up full colored maps and driving directions (Google Support). Users on the go can quickly pull up directions if they become lost or searching for something along their route. Users can also utilize street view on their mobile phones allowing users to see what something look likes as if they were even there (Google Support). The future looks good for Google. As the largest search provider in America what does this company have up its sleeve for the future? Google believes that the United States doesn’t have fast enough internet service compared to other developed countries in the world. Their latest project is to link all of the country together using fiber optic cable to create blazing fast internet. Many people have split views on these issues. Ben Scott says â€Å"Google is showing the government that we can have super-fast opened broadband. † According to Scott Cleland â€Å"this is mainly a P. R. stunt†. Google’s ultimate mission is to link rural areas with the large metropolitan community. Google plans to start testing this service later this year; the specific test markets have not been released (Helft). Overall Google is a vital part of the online community. Finding information on the internet is no longer a chore. Google truly has changed the way America searches, but also around the world. In the coming years Google will most likely launch new products that will continue to allow it’s users to organize their life, find information, get directions, and share with other users. Works Cited Alexa. Amazon, 2010. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. â€Å"Corporate Information-Google Milestones. † google. com. N. p. , 2010. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. Finkle, Jim, and Ian Sherr. â€Å"Q + A-How can Iran block Google? † Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 11 Feb. 210. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. â€Å"Google Business Solutions. † Google. N. p. , 2010. Web. 26 Feb. 2010. Google Support . Google, 2010. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. lt;http://google. com/? supportgt;. Google To Acquire YouTube for $1. 5 Billion in Stock. N. p. : n. p. , 9 Oct. 2006. N. pag. Google Press Center. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. Helft, Miguel. â€Å"Google to Offer Superfast Net Service . † New York TImes 10 Feb. 2010: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. Jarvis, Jeff. â€Å"The United States of Google. † Business Week. Business Week, n. d. Web. 19 Feb. 2010. Strickland, Jonathan. â€Å"How Google Works. † How Stuff Works. How Stuff Works, 2010. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. Stross, Randall. Planet Google. New Y ork: Free Press, 2008. Print. Wauters, Robin. â€Å"Censorship 2. 0. † Tech Crunch. N. p. , 24 June 2009. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. YouTube. Google, 2010. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. How to cite How Google Changed the Internet, Papers

Tycoons Influence On Politics Essays - International Relations

Tycoons Influence On Politics "A century's journey: How the great powers shape the world" Robert A. Pastor et.al For all the claims of globalization, says Robert A. Pastor, a handful of countries still define the world at the end of the 20th century--and will continue to do so in the 21st. This statement infuses new blood into the current foreign policy discussion about the likely arrangement of the foreign policy stage in the 21st century. Many foreign policy analysts have suggested that new powers will arise in a big way and push aside and steal the limelight form the usual stars of the foreign policy theater. In A century's journey, Robert A. Pastor Along with six other foreign-policy scholars, argues that the current foreign policy heavyweights will continue to wield considerable influence, despite the new set of circumstances they are presented with. Pastor examines the recent history of the world's seven "great powers" (France, Germany, Russia, Great Britain, China, Japan, and the United States) to demonstrate how they have influenced--and adapted to--the upheavals of the 20th century. They also offer some thoughts on what the "Liberal Epoch" to come will bring: if Russia and China are not fully welcomed into the community of great powers, Pastor warns, conflict is inevitable. And while international law and tribunals will continue to play an important role, they will require strengthened means of monitoring and enforcement if they are to be effective. This point is particularly important, because it outlines the new framework that needs to be developed by the international community to be able to deal with an increasingly integrated world and the effects of that integration. A Century's Journey offers some carefully considered insights into how the nations of the world will deal with each other in the coming decades. This incisive study of the evolving world order argues that seven countries have changed the world during the 20th century and predicts their continued centrality in the 21st. Will the world of the twenty-first century be dominated by global companies, ethnic strife, or rogue tyrants? This definitive volume argues convincingly that the answer depends on the actions of the world's great powers, which will continue to set the rules affecting globalization, culture, and pariah regimes. In A Century's Journey, seven influential scholars trace the global strategies of the world's most powerful countries during the past 100 years. Through authoritative chapters on each great power, readers will learn how these countries redefined their interests in response to momentous changes and reshaped the world so that it bears only slight resemblance to the world of 1900. The scholars and their areas of expertise are Professors Robert A. Pastor (United States), Stanley Hoffman of Harvard University (France), Josef Joffe, Editor of Suddeutsche Zeitung (Germany), Robert Legvold of Columbia University (Soviet Union/Russia), Robert J. Lieber of Georgetown University (Great Britain), Michael Oksenberg of Stanford University (China), and Kenneth Pyle of the University of Washington (Japan). In A Century's Journey, Robert A. Pastor and six other preeminent foreign policy scholars argue that the key to understanding the world's future lies in how the great powers shaped the twentieth century - from a world of conquest and exclusive spheres-of-influence to one of pluralism, market-driven openness and international institutions. In contrast to some proponents of concepts like globalization, "the clash of civilizations" and "democratic peace," the authors believe that nation-states remain the decisive actors on the international stage". "A Century's Journey is essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand today's complex web of global power." Robert A. Pastor is Goodrich C.White Professor of International Relations at Emory University. He served on the National Security Council and has been a consultant to the Departments of State and Defense, the National Security Council, and the CIA. The author or editor of eleven books, he lives in Atlanta, Georgia.

Intro to Afro American Studies Essays - African Slave Trade

Intro to Afro American Studies Essays - African Slave Trade October 15, 2015 Intro to Afro American Studies Bi-Weekly Essay #3 What are some of the similarities and differences in practices of self-determination of Africans in the U.S. and their counterparts throughout the hemisphere? Abstract: Both Africans in the Western Hemisphere and Africans in the United States practiced self-determination. They practiced self-determination in many ways such as marronage and quilombismo as a means to bring African people together to determine their own statehoods and form their own allegiances. Africans used their difference to fight one another rather than uniting themselves in the 18th and 19th century. However, Africans began to realize that if they wanted to conquer enslavement they would have to overcome the dominating social structure. The Africans in the Western hemisphere used the knowledge passed down from their griots when practicing self-determination. They did this more often than the Africans in the U.S. because they underestimated them and they were uneducated for a while. Africans in the U.S. were more aware of what was happening around them versus the other parts of the world. Although, Africans were divided by suffering from the injustice of slavery. they we re able to preserve their culture and use such as their means to resist. Critical Review of Scholarship: To begin answering this question, I will use the information provided during lectures as well as the readings. One of sources is coming from Black Self Determination: A Cultural History of the Faith of Fathers. This source will be used to elaborate on what self-determination is and how it evolved. The second source is Quilombismo: An Afro-Brazilian Political Alternative. This source will be used to further elaborate on what quilombismo is and how it effective in helping the African race as a whole in the practice of self-determination. Another source I will use to elaborate on marronage is the Black Movements in America by Cedric Robinson. My other evidence will come from class lectures and Dr.Carr particularly from the human social organization and their influence over people and nations. Discussion: To completely understand the practices of self-determination within the African community, you have to define what self-determination is. Self Determination is the uniqueness of culture (Dr.Carr). It is the process by which a person or group controls their own life, decides their own statehood and forms their own allegiances. (Franklin P., V. Black Self Determination: A Cultural History of the Faith of the Fathers. Southern Historical Association, 1986. Print.) From the small movements such as spiritual and secular slave songs, the Federal Writers Project and addresses in front of the Congress have demonstrated what self-determination means in the African community. The Western Hemisphere Africans and the U.S. Africans used maroonage to practice e self-determination. Maroonage was a common way Africans resisted throughout the hemisphere. Maroon is a based word from the Spanish culture. Maroons are small private communities that served as a safe refuge for runaway slaves and indentured servants. (Robinson, Cedric J. Black Movements in America. New York: Routledge, 1997. Print.) They were fugitive communities where escapees went. These maroons gave slaves hope of a community where they could have a new home and are apart of a safe haven to rebuild their families. Unfortunately these maroons never lasted so long because of the pressure it created on the Europeans. Regardless of the hardships of slavery, Africans did not let anyone take their culture from them. Their culture is what kept them dehumanized. Abolition always followed the Blacks regardless of where they were from. Because the Africans seemed less than the Europeans, the Africans wanted to create something to become equal with the higher powers. They combined their religion to create Afro Catholicism in hopes in acceptance of their religion to become equal as the Europeans. North Americans began practicing Afro Christianity as a means of resistance and a way Africans could gather publically. Quilombismo significance was the value in the tactics and strategies of survival, resistance and progress of African communities in contemporary Brazil (Nascimento Do, Abdias. Quilombismo: An Afro- Brazilian Political Alternative. Journal of Black Studies, 1980. Print.) Quilombismo revealed itself as a factor capable of mobilizing the Black masses in a disciplined manner when the Afro-Brazilians registered the quilombist concept. Quilombismo is in a constant process

How to Pay for the Cost of a Fraternity or Sorority

How to Pay for the Cost of a Fraternity or Sorority Lets just be honest: Joining a fraternity or sorority can be expensive. Even if you dont live in the house, you likely have to pay dues, for social outings, and for all kinds of other things you werent expecting. So how can you manage to pay for the cost of going Greek if money is already tight? Fortunately, most fraternities and sororities understand that not every student can pay the full cost every semester. There are lots of places to look if you need a little extra financial help. Scholarships If your Greek is part of a larger regional, national, or even international organization, it may very well have scholarships available. Talk to some of the leaders in your campus chapter to see what they know or whom you should contact for more information on scholarships. Grants There may also be grants available, coming either from your larger organization or from organizations that simply want to support students who are involved in Greek life in general. Dont be afraid to do some searching online, check in with your campus financial aid office, and even ask other students if they know of good resources. Get a Job With the Organization on Campus If youre lucky, you can work within your fraternity or sorority and get an actual paycheck or things paid for indirectly (e.g., your room and board covered). Start asking around as soon as you realize you might be interested in this kind of arrangement; youll likely need to apply for positions in the spring if youd like to start working in them in the fall. Get a Job With the Larger Organization If your fraternity or sorority is very large on a regional or national scale, they likely need help keeping things running smoothly. Ask if there are positions that you can apply for- and work in- from your campus. The larger organization might need ambassadors, people who can write newsletters, or folks who are great at accounting. You never know what you might find open, so start asking around as soon as possible. Barter See if you can trade your skills for financial arrangements. Perhaps you have some mad skills at gardening. See if you can trade your labor in building, growing, and maintaining an organic garden for your sorority or fraternity in exchange for having your annual dues waived. Or if youre skilled in fixing computers, ask if you can work a few hours a week keeping everyones machines happy in exchange for a discount on your room and board costs. You got into college because youre smart and resourceful, so dont be shy about using those skills to help you create a financial arrangement that works for you and your desire to remain involved in your fraternity or sorority.

Advertising as social communication -- semiotics Essay

Advertising as social communication -- semiotics - Essay Example Karl Marx has defined commodities as products that are independent in nature and have some form of value that humans need or enjoy (Economic Manuscripts, 1993). The ad that is chosen for this particular topic is that of Marlboro cigarettes which are quite known and popular in the world being one of the most bought of that particular commodity. Cigarettes are now sold worldwide and a large part of the global population smoke and the tobacco companies are trying harder now than ever to maintain the brand loyalties that they have earned over the years from their customers. Not only this, companies strive now at a greater pace to perhaps snag a few customers from other brands or to pull in those who have recently begun smoking. So one can say that Marlboro cigarettes are a lifestyle commodity and one of which the exchange value sign value has been overshadowed by its use value. As in the marketing world exchange is a major component and for any exchange to take place there has to be knowledge in the minds of the consumers or buyers and sellers. This particular ad attempts to project to the general public that their particular need can be complimented by the use of this particular brand of cigarette. Thought a lot of advertisements may rely on the idea of abstraction to convey their message across to the public there is a certain risk that is to be ascertained when this route is taken. Not everyone may be on the same page as those who created the advertisement and the whole concept may not even be mean what the people behind the desk even wanted. There is no real form of abstraction in this particular advertisement that has been published by Marlboro. The simple idea is to introduce the product and a male figure has been introduced with who the male population at large is sensed to be on the same level with. The typical western theme that has been employed by this particular company again is highlighted as a sense of manliness is trying to

Critical Response (SPANISH) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Response (SPANISH) - Essay Example Argentina gozaba de un gobierno republicano y Brasil ese mismo aà ±o cambiarà ­a su gobierno monà ¡rquico en un gobierno republicano. Estos factores contribuyeron a que ambas naciones se mostraran entusiastas con presentar sus mejores imà ¡genes ante el mundo en la Exposicià ³n Universal de Parà ­s. Fernà ¡ndez Bravo concluye su artà ­culo sobre la participacià ³n de Argentina y Brasil en este evento internacional enfatizando que desde un punto de vista estos paà ­ses fracasaron en mostrar una imagen favorable y desde otro punto de vista tuvieron à ©xito en otros aspectos. El autor citado resume su ensayo del siguiente modo: â€Å"Tanto en el pabellà ³n brasilero como en el argentino, las mercancà ­as funcionaron como actores de un espectà ¡culo en el que se intentaron reflejar nuevas imà ¡genes de la nacià ³n. En ninguno de los dos casos estos retratos parecen haber sido exitosos frente a la percepcià ³n europea, que siguià ³ considerà ¡ndolos paà ­ses exà ³ticos y todavà ­a alejados de los està ¡ndares del progreso universal. Sin embargo, en su imagen domà ©stica las iconografà ­as montadas en la Exposicià ³n Universal de 1889 parecen haber construido representaciones perdurables en la memoria colectiva: las de paà ­ses ricos en materias primas y marcados por ellas, como una cifra de la naturaleza americana nacionalizada, finalmente sometida por los dispositivos estatales que la transformaron en objeto de consumo y tambià ©n en un espectà ¡culo. Un espectà ¡culo poblado de mercancà ­as pero todavà ­a vacà ­o del sujeto colectivo que los pabellones parecà ­an querer imaginar: aq uà ©l que ayudarà ­a a construir la inmigracià ³n europea, en la que veà ­an un remedio para los problemas que aquejaban a sus naciones.† Por un lado, los pabellones de Argentina y Brasil presentaron principalmente productos agrà ­colas como sus principales bondades que les daban identidad

Different approaches to HRM

Different approaches to HRM (Business strategy, p-3)The meaning and nature of HRM has aggravated much debate (for an overview see Legge, 1995).Sisson (1990) Distinguished HRM by explaining four distinguishing features, that is the assimilation of personnel policies with business planning; responsibility From specialists to line managers responsibility has to be shifted; uniqueness in the management of employee relations and an emphasis on securing employee dedication and initiative. Guest (1992, p.42) argues that HRM is designed to produce, Strategic integration, high commitment, high quality and flexibility and that, Strategic integration refers to the ability of the organisation to integrate HRM issues into its strategic plans, to ensure that the various aspects of HRM cohere and for line managers to fit in an HRM perspective into their decision-making. Hendry and Pettigrew (1986) contrast that strategic HRM is featured by four fundamentals: the use of planning; the design by a coherent approach and management of workforce systems underpinned by some philosophy; business approach is coordinated with the HRM actions and policy; and considering the people of the organisation as strategic resources in the accomplishment of competitive strategy. Human resource requires in an organisation will vary at different stages in the business life cycle and so HR policy choices need to be personalized to the appropriate stage (Kochan and Barocci,1985; Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall, 1988). Sisson (1994) suggests that it was the pursuit of competitive advantage in the.There is a number of different approaches in HRM to aid the development of business strategy. It can be professed as social ethics, reminding the senior management about their social responsibilities.HRM department spent most of time functioning on personal welfare problems. The main concern of HRM is the control of personnel as well as reduces the absent rate of employee, work force budgeting and headcount. In other way of HRM helps to develop the business, likewise, to adapt the company with the change and strives to have positive influences by using social science applications to man agreement problems by via job redesign, job satisfaction scheme and techniques of communication. Sometimes HRM deals with job recruitment, transfer and termination by the request from manager. Moreover, human resource management concerned strategic business planning, developing long-term human resources plan and industrial relation strategy. HR planning and acquisition Organisation design structure Organisations strategy Training development Compensation Management Organisation Performance Management Management of employee relations HR mobility management HR toolbox management Figure: Human Resource Management system The key success of any business organisation is human resource. So HRM use these human resources effectively to meet the strategic business objectives of the organisation. 2. Necessity of alignment between organisations corporate strategy and objectives and its human resource strategy: P-133,134.In perfect world, the business and strategic organisational plan are the translated form of organisational mission and goals. According to the principle of alignment, to achieve corporate goals in every aspects of an organisations activities have to be incorporated and pull together. The performance of the people within the organisation depends on the achievement of strategy and vision which in turn calls for high level of motivation and dedication among employees. The organisational mission, goals and values is reflected by the performance of the employees and their excellent performance relies on the opportunities how much they are getting from the business. P-75.In an organisation different functional area like: marketing, manufacturing and human resource, after formulating corporate and business level strategy managers need to translate strategic precedence into these areas. This contains all the different aspects of business but predominantly have to be comprehensible between the requirements of organisations strategy and HR policy. There are two types of fit that HR policy and practices require to attain: a) Internal alignment b) External alignment Internal Alignment: In internal alignment managers must have to make sure that their HR practices are all associated with one another within the organisations to set up a formation that is reinforced mutually. From organisations point of view the whole variety of HR practices-job design, training, staffing, performance appraisal and compensation must have to be focused on the same personnel objectives. External Alignment: The link between business strategies and key initiatives in human resource are mainly focused by external alignment. 3. The processes required in order to assess the effectiveness of human resource strategy and its impact on overall corporate strategy: Diagram: Typical strategic recruitment process Dynamic Environment Recruitment requisition Position analysis Vision Position description Strategic business plan Human resource strategy Human resource plans and policy Recruitment process Position evaluation Key stakeholders Budget check sourcing Dynamic Environment Pool of applicants Selection process Source: Nankervis A, Compton, R, Braid, M, 2005, Strategic Human Resource Management (6th edition), Cengage, South Melbourne. Recruitment: A major concern is a recruitment and retention of staff; especially where the pool of availability of workforce is limited. However, due to the requirement of high skill personnel, a shortage of prospective recruits exists in an organisation. [Business .s 2.ref].The decision of staffing has been formalised by the HRM department at head office. Organisation [Managing people: fresh perspectives By Bates Bronwynne, p-214] provide work for people in different position to achieve their own goals. Most of the organisations have vacancy at different time around the year and they need to be filled them on time to continue their work effectively. For recruit and select the best person for the vacancy organisations have to follow certain processes. The personnel decision process helps the organisation to make a decision about the person to who is going to appoint. It makes sure that it will be fairly treated with all the individuals who are going to apply for the post. All the candidates are evaluated on the basis of related skills and behaviours. The outputs of every decision affect the working lives of employees, whose requirements must be met. The organisational productivity increasingly depends on these employees because of hiring right person for the job. The human resources decisions based on the following seven steps: 1. Getting job oriented information through job analysis. The process of identifying tasks, duties and responsibilities is job analysis. Once it has been completed, job analysis leads to identify the knowledge, abilities and skills required to do the job that is job description. After that, organisations will continue through job specification. 2. Identify the measures of job success: There is way of measuring job success called criteria and that is measured through organisational psychologist. 3. Identify predictors and measures 4. Determining the relationship between and predictors job success 5. Developing a recruitment strategy 6. Implementing the selection process 7. Determining the worth of selection system An organisation basically follows two strategies for recruiting suitable qualified individuals. These are- Internal recruitment An Organisation first tries to fill an open position internally through current employees inside the organisation by advertising. External recruitment There are wide range of strategies for recruiting people from outside the organisation like-giving advertisement at newspaper by providing information about job requirements, job duties and responsibilities. The other way of recruiting is through internet. It will create problems for them who dont have the access the internet. Large organisations visit campuses of universities of technologies to recruit their candidates is known as campus recruitment. Sometimes organisations employ human resources recruitment agencies and their services are to provide the whole recruitment process. These are not on low-cost. The least costly external recruitment technique is employee referrals technique. This is a technique by which ask to someone in current employees about they have someone who is interested for this open position. The main advantages of external recruitment are that helps to get new ideas and skills into the organisation. Sometimes it does create problems for them because they dont have knowledge about the new environment and culture. Employees need to spend more time on that. Selection: The process of choosing appropriate candidates for the organisation when it has received applications for open jobs is known as selection. This is the final steps of recruitment process. It is the combinations of eight basic steps. Recruiting candidates Carrying out application form Screening test Checking of reference Arrangement of psychological test Arrange interview for selection Medical check up Making an offer to successful candidates There are some additional terms which used by the organisational psychologist during the process of selection. This are-job selection ratio, realistic preview of job and cut-off. Retention: It is very important and ongoing issue. Its a serious problem when an organisation will have to face continuously for the estimated future. An organisation always wants to retain employees in short of supply and they want to have alternatives. Organisations always keep going on developing their own plan to retain employees by conveying responsibility. The main base of retention job description, recruitment, selection and orientation. (Keeping your valuable employees: retention strategies for your organizations most important resource, By Suzanne Dibble, p-27, 31).Mainly retention focus on job satisfaction and fit with the organisational culture and the strategies based on this should focus on maximising three types of satisfaction. These are personal, professional and social. If organisation fails to recruit right person for the right track then organisations has to suffer and employees has to suffer as well. For example; hidden cost incurred by the management to fix that problems. F or that reason organisation has to loss their productivity. From the employees point of view-they have to face problems due to not having proper skills in specified job. They have to spent more time and energy on finding new position. Overall they become frustrated. Communication, recognition and future orientation are the key attributes for successful strategies for retention. There are different types of retention strategies based on organisational situations-strategies based on compensation, strategies based on work environment and strategies based on career orientation(Strategies for managing IS/IT personnel,Magid Igbaria, Conrad Shayo,Idea Group Inc (IGI), 2004 Business HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0 Economics,p-13). Strategy based on compensation: There are some organisation focuses on compensation such as IT firms. Strategies based on work environment: Most of the organisations focus on internal environment of the organisation or the culture of the organisation. Strategies based on career development: some companies focus on retention strategies through career development. Training, Learning and Development: Training plays an important role for the development of all employees which responds to individuals and helps to achieve organisational requirements by improving performance and understanding (Armstrong, 1992).Considering with the strategic direction, how the organisations core competencies of employees can be identified and advantages taken from environmental factors. From the training and development terms, this can implement the classical training cycle and business planning come close to determining training needs (Mayo and Pickard, 1998). [Human resource development: learning training for individuals organizations By John P. Wilson, p-88] Organisation objective Planning Evaluating Delivering Figure: Business objectives within the training life cycle (Winter, 1995). The training strategy is a system that determines the competencies required for the organization in the future and how it can be achieved. Organisations need these training strategies for different perspectives like- -To increase the productivity through expenditure on capital improvements -To increase the productivity through spending on developing human capital (http://ezinearticles.com/?How-to-Develop-a-Training-Strategyid=1608871; How to Develop a Training Strategy-By Janine Sergay; 18.08; 2.50pm). Different methods of training for people: Generally there are two types of training methods. a) On-site training methods 1) On the job training: In this training method, trainees get training under the direction of someone and encouraging them to gain knowledge and observe more and more from the existing experienced employees. Though its formal training so every employee get some initial knowledge from it. 2) Job rotation: This training method allows people to move in different department of the organisations. Through this job rotation employees develop skills in different section more than they would get from staying in one department. 3) Apprenticeship: Apprenticeship is a particular form on the job training though which a particular level employees used to get information about skilled trade (Goldstein Ford, 2002).For example; different company like:-electrician,plumber,carpenter,pipefitter,sheet metal worker etc. Is used this approach. b) Off-site training methods 1) Classroom lectures: Its one of the common methods of job training. It can provide large number of information at a time and easy to deliver it to the large no of trainees at a time. 2) Instruction in the form written material or forms based on computer. 3) Computer based training (CBT): Its a way training by which trainees can communicate and transfer and get information from instructor through computer, television etc. (Goldstein Ford, 2002).Its distance learning.( Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology By Frank J. Landy, Jeffrey M. Conte,p:331-334) Development of HR: Human Resource is the framework for employees can develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge, abilities. Human resource development include; employee training, employee career, development, performance management and development, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification. oclock, 23 March, 2010) Understand the organizational needs and future demand as well as future capability, and know what talent it has available to it. And prove, as far possible, a career challenge to individuals that helps them to meet their aspirations. In developing the organization, personal development also important for the organizational improvement, because a individual persons are the set of organizational power mean resources. In bellow there the method of development: Individual Support- Organizational Interest- Dialogue Accreditation Organizational Mapping Performance Management Career-counselling Succession planning Appraisal discussion Career-planning Secondments Career discussion Personal plans Manpower/skills planning Development centres Mentoring Training prioritisation Vacancy management Learning resource centres Retention Strategies Self-managed learning 360 degree feedback Potential assessment Managerial coaching External coaching High-flyer development Flexible working Training facilities getting to grips with the requirements of a job quickly, and by improving the knowledge and skill of worker it allows the employee better quality, and enhance of skill based on the employee could lead to their job enrichment with benefits to both the individual and the organization. Motivational impact of training in a manifest when staff feel a sense of reorganization when sent on training course, and after been trained they are motivated to acquire new skills, particularly when rewards follow the acquisition and use of skills. Identification with organization could be fostered when a better understanding of mission statements and corporate objectives is achieved through training. (Graham, H T, Bennet, R. (1995). Human resource Management (ME Book).Eight Editions. Singapore: PWD Redmond) Strategies for positive employee relation: (Employee relations: how to build strong relationships with your employees By Laurie Dicker, p-2) Employees are the stake holder of the organisation and cant be compared with task, functions, process or products. Emotional support and personal considerations are required for them to understand them. Its very complicated to draw up employees inventory and arrange them in warehouse in a systematic way. Any decisions regarding this will attempt a negative impact on them and may cause a break down in operations. So it is very important for the organisation to identify and value those differences and always give importance on the achieving positive and fruitful employee relations. The main concern of employee relations strategy: -How to minimise the conflict by maintaining employee relations through building stable and cooperative relationships. -How to achieve employee commitment though involvement of employee involvement and communication processes. -How to develop interest in employees towards the achievement of organisational goals. Strategic direction. ( Strategic human resource management: a guide to action By Michael Armstrong) The approaches of human resource management towards employee relations: -To drive them for commitment: To get all the employees with the organisations by winning their heart and minds and make sure a fruitful return on training and development. -A emphasizing on mutuality: getting the letter across that we are all together in this. -A shifting of collective bargaining in the organisation to individual. -By using of employee involvement techniques. -Through applying total quality management (TQM) -To use human resources more effectively sometimes increase flexibility in working environment, including multi skilling -By giving more importance on team work (Human Resource Management- By Derek Torrington, Laura Hall, Stephen Taylor,p-453)Once organisation has established it is very difficult to change the organisations culture, this means to change the employee relationships culture is also difficult. The organisation will become more successful when senior management think employee relationship strategically in employee perception rather than rival organisations. It can be achieved simply by aiming to recruit and retain more effectively and by developing employee relationship strategies to increase the overall satisfaction of employees though chances (like feeling interest in job, job security, positive completion, and influence them performance) and decrease the dissatisfaction. Performance management: Performance in an organisation cannot be defined but it can be measured. Its measurement of muti-dimentional construct depending on variety of factors (Bates and Holton, 1995). Bernadin el al (1995) concerned that Outcomes of work should be defined as performance because it creates a strong linkage with organisational goals, customer satisfactions and economic contributions. It is about managing of the organisation in the perspective of internal and external environment. There are different stages of performance management showed in figure 2.1: High performance Improved performance Low performance Start year Agreement of performance During year Monitoring and review against agreement End year Review of main performance Figure 2.1: Different stages of performance management Performance management involves continuous review of performance against organisational objectives, requirements and plans and the performance agreement, enhancement by implementation and developments line-up for the next. Business strategy, employee development and total quality management (TQM) are main processes in the business that should be linked with the performance management for achieving business performance (Hartle, 1995). Basically the force for vertical and horizontal integration is performance management. Vertical integration: Vertically It can be achieved in two ways. Firstly, it facilitates the coalition of strategies and plans of the business with individuals and teams. There targeted aims are those that support the success of corporate goals.secondly, the organisational core values and capabilities should take place through vertical integration as well as values adopted and the level of potential achieved by individuals. Horizontal integration: It is the association of performance management and human resource strategies that deals with valuing, paying, relating and developing people. Organisations effectiveness can be increased through the impact of performance management. The effectiveness of the organisations can be improved by adopting with various processes of managing, motivating and developing people through successful integration with performance management (Performance management: key strategies and practical guidelines Michael Armstrong Kogan Page Publishers, 2000 259 pages, P-2-10). It shows in figure 1.3: Figure 1.3: Performance management as a central point for integrated HR activities Reward: Reward management: a handbook of remuneration strategy and practice Michael ArmstrongHelen MurlisHay Group Kogan Page Publishers, 2007 Business HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0 Economics 722 pages The main purpose of reward is to increase job performance, productivity, meet the customer expectation and to hold recognition. In other way- -To achieve the goal -To accomplish the task on time -To take out boring from work place -To promote the employee to work -To meet the higher and lower order needs Strategies for reward: All employees are in the reward strategy for example: line managers, stake holders. All the employees work hard with skills and effort in return they get salary and other performance bonus from employers. Its also good relationships developed between employees and employers through good working environment and excellent communication. In broader sense strategic aims include: -To introduce a more incorporated approach to reward management and encouraging the employees through continuous personal development. -To develop flexible approach. -To reward people according to employees contribution. -To make a clear specification about what behaviour will be rewarded and why. Reward management: a handbook of remuneration strategy and practice Michael Armstrong, Helen Murlis, Hay Group Kogan Page Publishers, 2007 Business HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0 Economics 722 pages; p-35, 39 According to Contingency theory applied to reward: -Different reward strategies are required for organisational diversity and cultures. -Different reward strategies and its usefulness vary according the organisations policies and practices. Business strategies may take forward the business strategy inside the organisation. The interrelationship between the employees and managers will influence the strategies at different levels in the organisations. -performance related pay should depends on the way motivation of employees Employee reward Michael Armstrong; CIPD Publishing, 2002 Business HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0 Economics 528 pages; p-91, 94, 95 Initiatives for specific rewards: It depends on the examination of present circumstances in the organisation and need of evaluation of the business and its employees. Examples of some possible initiatives: 1) The establishment of contribution pay scheme through replacing of present methods of contingent pay 2) The initialisation of new grades and pay structure 3) The substitution job evaluation scheme with more clarified scheme that shows values and needs of the organisation. 4) The improvement of flexible benefit system 5) The arrangement of announcement and training programmes to tell all the employees about the reward policies and practices. Development of Reward strategy: Development of strategy: In todays organisation is facing fast changing economic environment, technological advancement and globalisation. Organisations have to cope up with these changes. The close fit between business strategy and HR strategy actually help to reach their desired target. Aligning human resources and business strategy Linda Holbeche Butterworth-Heinemann, 2009 Business HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?tbs=bks:1,bkv:atbo=pq=+subject:Business++Economicssource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0 Economics 498 pages From the business point of view, it has to take account on trend such as concentration on core business, market segments, get maximum values from reward system, and give more importance on flexibility. They have to change the old system with the best practices to meet these requirements. The design of reward system must need to be fair and need to operate consistently to recognize individuals needs. There are many steps for developing strategies: Determine the main issues for business strategy that affects the reward and policy To find out crucial success factors for the business and need to think implications for human resource and reward strategies. Need to keep in eye on old reward strategies and identify any change require for that to adapt that with new changes of the organisations. To identify the implications for HR plans to establish future needs. Discuss with the consultant about how to develop reward strategies Consider external factors like policies of government, income tax regulations, peoples pay and pressure from local or international.

Differentiated Instruction

Due to the differences in the ability of every student to learn, the need for differentiated instruction, also known as differentiated learning and multi-level instruction, increases that involves a variety of strategies used by teachers in addressing every students learning. Basically, differentiated instruction is a way by which teachers find a variety of ways in teaching in order for students to have multiple options in gathering information, creating new ideas and teaching students in the same class with different abilities.It involves the recognition of the difference in the students background knowledge, preferences in learning, interest and as well as language, readiness and their ability to react responsively. The main premise of the theory is that the teaching approaches should vary and be adapted in relation to the diverse students in the classroom and as well as in relation to every individual students. Thus, the teacher’s main challenge is to come with a variety of ways in order to maximize the growth of every student by individually meeting each student while assisting in the learning process.Differentiated instruction aims to encourage the inclusion of all the students while addressing different learning styles and allowing diversity among the students. It also fosters self-worth together with social relation among the students while meeting the emotional and especially the academic needs of every student and allowing the teachers to reach all of his or her students. Thus, teachers really have to put a lot of effort in order to differentiate instruction for the benefit of their students.Differentiated instruction is important especially in the elementary grade because students at this level greatly vary especially in their knowledge background and ability to comprehend. Thus, teachers at this level have the greatest challenge of maximizing every students potential by attending to their differences in various ways, thus differentiating instr uctions. It can also be said that differentiating instruction also relates to the professionalism of every teachers, their competency and creativeness.It can also determine the eagerness and dedication of the teachers to help their students since differentiated instruction takes a lot of time and preparation. Based on the readiness of students, there are at least four elements in which teachers can differentiate such as content, process, products and the learning environment. The contents are the information that every student must comprehend and differentiating content would mean using different materials and elements in order to support the context.Differentiating process involves activities in order for the students to have an understanding and grasp of the subject matter that most of the time uses flexible grouping. The products involves the termination of the activities and asking the students to rehearse, extend and apply everything the he or she was able to learn in the activ ity thus, making the students active in exploring the knowledge that he or she acquires. Differentiating learning environment on the other hand is basically the way the classroom feels and works.If for example in an elementary school, differentiating content may include putting the text materials in a tape or using both auditory and visual means in presenting a topic. It may also include having buddies or forming a small group and using different reading materials with varying levels of readability. Differentiating process on the other hand may include activities in which learners with the same understanding and ability work together or offering hands-on supports for those students who are in need.Time variation for students to be able to finished a certain task can also help in supporting struggling students to have a full understanding of the topic while encouraging advanced learners to search for the topic in a deeper sense. Differentiating products may include activities in whic h students have to work on their own or in group in order to accomplished a certain task or giving the students the options for them to express the required learning through different activities such as letter writing or maybe, a puppet show.Differentiating learning environment on the other hand may include ensuring that the place or room is free from distractions such as noises and other distractions or providing materials in relation to the topic for better understanding. There are certainly several ways of presenting a topic to students and differentiated instruction is widely needed by students especially in the elementary level. However, differentiated instruction does not only fit elementary students but every student from different levels as well.Through differentiated instruction subject matter can also be more comprehensible for English Language Learners and as well as those students with special needs through the use of different activities. Acknowledging the different nee ds of every student specially those with special needs will also help the teacher to prepare special teaching methods for the students to have an understanding of the subject matter. It will also help to pay more attention to these kinds of students, offering them more of their time.Traditional method of teaching, commonly lecture discussions, practice works and others have its own advantages such as being uniform and consistent, however, due to the differences in the learning ability and adaptability of every student (that is recognized by every teacher) flexibility is also needed, one thing that traditional method lacks. On the other, differentiated instruction take into consideration that every student are different and have different learning abilities, thus, making appropriate actions to fill in the gap of those who are left behind.The use of differentiated instruction involves the clarification of key concepts to ensure that all students are gaining powerful understanding that will serve as their foundation for future learning. Assessment tools are also used before, during and as well as after the given learning activity that does not necessarily mean a written examination. Also, the goal of differentiated instruction is to provide critical and creative activities to ensure understanding on the part of every student. It also takes into account that every learners, although different are essential and thus striving to meet the needs of every students.Differentiated instruction also helps in creating a balance student-selected and teacher-assigned task. These characteristics enable differentiated instruction to be more effective that traditional teaching methods. Differentiated instruction is also flexible to meet the needs of other students to maximize their potential and learning. Thus, it can be said that differentiated instruction indeed is needed in the contemporary time. It was said that differentiated instruction is a compilation of many theories an d practice in the field of learning thus, providing a greater understanding of the needs of every student.It is based on years of studies and researches and as well ass educational theories and concept such as the concept of readiness. Researches from the 1980’s up to the contemporary time also shows that practices such as grouping of students and engaging learners are really effective in the learning of students. We may have been used to the traditional method of teaching, i. e. board lectures and the likes; however this method may not be suitable in the contemporary time. What we need today is not set of rules and activities.The needs of every student’s changes along with time and traditional methods may not just work in every situation. Maximizing learning and understanding is the main purpose of every teacher and if that would mean acquiring new methods then, there is nothing wrong in doing so. Thus, differentiation must be encouraged in every learning institution for the betterment of the present and the generations to come. Changes are part of our everyday life and there are times that we must embrace those changes, such as differentiated instruction, in order to achieve greater heights.

Meaning and History of the Surname Callaghan

The Callaghan surname is derived from the Gaelic name Ó Ceallagchà ¡in, meaning descendant of Ceallanchà ¡n. The O prefix indicates descendant of, while Ceallagchà ¡in is a diminutive of Ceallach, a given name of uncertain origin. The most widely accepted meaning is bright-headed, from the Gaelic cen, meaning head and lach, meaning light Other possibilities include: lover of churches, from ceall, meaning churchfrom the Old Irish ceallach, meaning contention, strifeFrom ciallach, meaning prudent, judicious Surname Origin:  Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  OCALLAGHAN, CALLAHAN, CALLACHAN, CEALLACHAIN, CELLACHAN, CEALLAGHAN, CELLACHAIN, OCALLAGHAN, OCALLAHAN, KEELAGHAN Famous People with the Surname CALLAGHAN Fr Richard Callaghan - 18th century Irish Jesuit educationalistEdmund Bailey OCallaghan - Irish doctor and journalistJohn Cornelius OCallaghan - Irish historian and writerSir Francis OCallaghan - Irish civil engineerJames Callaghan  - UK Prime Minister, 1976–79Dr. Patrick Pat  OCallaghan - considered one of Irelands greatest athletes; Olympic gold medalist Where is the CALLAGHAN  Surname Most Commonly Found? Forebears identifies the  Callaghan  surname as being most common in Ireland, where it ranks 112th in the nation. It is also fairly common in Northern Ireland (ranked 433rd), Scotland (541st), Australia (593rd), Wales (653rd), New Zealand (657th) and England (658th). Within Ireland, Callaghan is the most common in Cork. The OCallaghan variant ranks just behind Callaghan in Ireland, coming in as number 113. WorldNames PublicProfiler identifies the Callaghan surname as more common in Donegal and the other northern Irish counties. Genealogy Resources for the Surname CALLAGHAN Common Surnames of IrelandDiscover the meaning of your Irish last name, and learn where in Ireland these Irish surnames are most commonly found Callaghan  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Callaghan  family crest or coat of arms for the Callaghan surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. OCallaghan/Callaghan/Callahan/Keelaghan DNA ProjectIndividuals with the Callaghan surname and variations are invited to join this project dedicated to combining the results of DNA testing with genealogy research to identify various Callaghan and OCallaghan family lines. Callaghan Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Callaghan surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Callaghan query. DistantCousin.com - CALLAGHAN  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Callaghan. GeneaNet - Callaghan  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Callaghan  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Callaghan  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Callaghan  from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

A Meta Analysis Of Schizophrenia Used By Heinrichs And...

Within the 47 studies, were wide ranges of neuropsychological tests including 156 cognitive test variables. This meta-analysis categorized the tests into ten broad, separable cognitive domains allowing for a general outline. These tests were categorized based on a similar outline for a meta-analysis of schizophrenia used by Heinrichs and Zakzanis in 1998. These ten cognitive domains support quantitative and interpretive comparisons and include: immediate verbal memory, attention (divided into three subdomains of processing speed, working memory, and vigilance), nonverbal memory, general cognitive ability, language functions, visuospatial abilities, delayed verbal memory and learning strategies, executive functioning, social cognition, and motor skills. Studies show medium to large deficits for first episode schizophrenia samples compared to the control samples. Testing indicated first episode samples preform worse and show impairments in each domain category compared to control sampl es based on negative ES values. In addition, analyses showed significant heterogeneity amongst all ten domains (Mesholam-Gately et al., 2009). It is evident that there are significant impairments among first episode samples in the three groups of memory, specifically in both serial list learning and story memory immediate recall where SMDs were -1.20. A smaller ES (SMD of -0.85) was found in delayed verbal memory and learning strategies; similarly, the nonverbal memory domain SMD was -0.91. AllShow MoreRelatedThe Responsibilities Of Cognitive Functions1718 Words   |  7 Pagesor improving cognitive function. Causes of Decline Cognition There are many causes for the decline of cognitive function. Mental illness can affect how the mind perceives the information that is delivered through senses and experiences. Schizophrenia patients experience neuropsychological impairment. Age is accompanied by a slightly altered cognition, however in most cases is not life altering. There are diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer’s that inhibit cognitive function. Injuries at